CRM Women
Women's Rights
KEY TOPICS - The Feminine Mystique, NOW, ERA, Title IX, Roe v. Wade
Second-Wave Feminism from Standard Deviants (usmstudent, wildcats)
Sisterhood is Powerful - from ABC-Clio (usmstudent, historyrules)
Women's Rights Timeline 1961-1980
Second Wave Feminism
1921
Margaret founds the American Birth Control League, which evolves into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America in 1942.
1935
Mary McLeod Bethune organizes the National Council of Negro Women, a coalition of black women's groups that lobbies against job discrimination, racism, and sexism.
1936
The federal law prohibiting the dissemination of contraceptive information through the mail is modified and birth control information is no longer classified as obscene. Throughout the 1940s and 50s, birth control advocates are engaged in numerous legal suits.
1955
The Daughters of Bilitis (DOB), the first lesbian organization in the United States, is founded. Although DOB originated as a social group, it later developed into a political organization to win basic acceptance for lesbians in the United States.
1960
The Food and Drug Administration approves birth control pills.
1961
President John F. Kennedy establishes the President's Commission on the Status of Women and appoints Eleanor Roosevelt as chairwoman. The report issued by the Commission in 1963 documents substantial discrimination against women in the workplace and makes specific recommendations for improvement, including fair hiring practices, paid maternity leave, and affordable child care.
1963
Better Friedan publishes her highly influential book The Feminine Mystique, which describes the dissatisfaction felt by middle-class American housewives with the narrow role imposed on them by society. The book becomes a best-seller and galvanizes the modern women's rights movement.
June 10
Congress passes the Equal Pay Act making it illegal for employers to pay a woman less than what a man would receive for the same job.
1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act bars discrimination in employment on the basis of race and sex. At the same time it establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to investigate complaints and impose penalties.
1965
In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court strikes down the one remaining state law prohibiting the use of contraceptives by married couples.
1966
The National Organization for Women (NOW) is founded by a group of feminists including Betty Friedan. The largest women's rights group in the U.S., NOW seeks to end sexual discrimination, especially in the workplace, by means of legislative lobbying, litigation, and public demonstrations.
1967
Executive Order 11375 expands President Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action policy of 1965 to cover discrimination based on gender. As a result, federal agencies and contractors must take active measures to ensure that women as well as minorities enjoy the same educational and employment opportunities as white males.
1968
The EEOC rules that sex-segregated help wanted ads in newspapers are illegal. This ruling is upheld in 1973 by the Supreme Court, opening the way for women to apply for higher-paying jobs hitherto open only to men.
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. Decided simultaneously with a companion case,Doe v. Bolton, the Court ruled 7–2 that a right to privacy under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion, but that this right must be balanced against the state's two legitimate interests in regulating abortions: protecting prenatal life and protecting women's health
KEY TOPICS - The Feminine Mystique, NOW, ERA, Title IX, Roe v. Wade
Second-Wave Feminism from Standard Deviants (usmstudent, wildcats)
Sisterhood is Powerful - from ABC-Clio (usmstudent, historyrules)
Women's Rights Timeline 1961-1980
Second Wave Feminism
- The first wave of "feminism" began in the late 1900's, lasting until the early 20th century.
- The first wave of feminists focused on gaining women the right to vote as well as opportunities to participate in public areas.
- The Seneca Falls Convention was organized by Stanton and Mott in the July of 1848, around the time that the congregation adopted resolutions known as the Declaration of Sentiments.
- The rising province of the abolition movement and the outbreak of the Civil War eclipsed the women's movement. Internal struggles and the lack of a national organization also hampered their efforts. Although after the war, the cause of the movement was narrowed down to Woman's suffrage rather then total equality for women
- The appeal to include a clause granting women the right to vote in the Fifteenth Amendment was denied by abolitionist. In response to this, Stanton and Anthony established the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) in 1869 to fight the passage of the amendment and to fight for women's suffrage in general.
- A Second Wave of Feminism started in the early 1960s, lasting until the 70s
- This wave of Feminism challenged and shaped peoples beliefs on many women's issues
- One of the sparks for this wave of Feminism was Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique, published in 1962, which observed that society suppressed women and forced them into a life of servitude. This caused controversy, but also started a world-wide conversation about the subject at hand, as well as reinvigorating the woman's movement
- Betty Friedan also played a role in the formation of NOW (National Organization for Women)
- In 1966, NOW fought for the same political, social and employment opportunities received by men.
- During the 1970s, NOW promoted the Equal Rights Amendment, which fell 3 states short of the 30 needed for ratification
1921
Margaret founds the American Birth Control League, which evolves into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America in 1942.
1935
Mary McLeod Bethune organizes the National Council of Negro Women, a coalition of black women's groups that lobbies against job discrimination, racism, and sexism.
1936
The federal law prohibiting the dissemination of contraceptive information through the mail is modified and birth control information is no longer classified as obscene. Throughout the 1940s and 50s, birth control advocates are engaged in numerous legal suits.
1955
The Daughters of Bilitis (DOB), the first lesbian organization in the United States, is founded. Although DOB originated as a social group, it later developed into a political organization to win basic acceptance for lesbians in the United States.
1960
The Food and Drug Administration approves birth control pills.
1961
President John F. Kennedy establishes the President's Commission on the Status of Women and appoints Eleanor Roosevelt as chairwoman. The report issued by the Commission in 1963 documents substantial discrimination against women in the workplace and makes specific recommendations for improvement, including fair hiring practices, paid maternity leave, and affordable child care.
1963
Better Friedan publishes her highly influential book The Feminine Mystique, which describes the dissatisfaction felt by middle-class American housewives with the narrow role imposed on them by society. The book becomes a best-seller and galvanizes the modern women's rights movement.
June 10
Congress passes the Equal Pay Act making it illegal for employers to pay a woman less than what a man would receive for the same job.
1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act bars discrimination in employment on the basis of race and sex. At the same time it establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to investigate complaints and impose penalties.
1965
In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court strikes down the one remaining state law prohibiting the use of contraceptives by married couples.
1966
The National Organization for Women (NOW) is founded by a group of feminists including Betty Friedan. The largest women's rights group in the U.S., NOW seeks to end sexual discrimination, especially in the workplace, by means of legislative lobbying, litigation, and public demonstrations.
1967
Executive Order 11375 expands President Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action policy of 1965 to cover discrimination based on gender. As a result, federal agencies and contractors must take active measures to ensure that women as well as minorities enjoy the same educational and employment opportunities as white males.
1968
The EEOC rules that sex-segregated help wanted ads in newspapers are illegal. This ruling is upheld in 1973 by the Supreme Court, opening the way for women to apply for higher-paying jobs hitherto open only to men.
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. Decided simultaneously with a companion case,Doe v. Bolton, the Court ruled 7–2 that a right to privacy under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion, but that this right must be balanced against the state's two legitimate interests in regulating abortions: protecting prenatal life and protecting women's health