Setting the Stage
CIVIL RIGHTS - the right to be treated equally by the government - protection from unequal treatment based in your race, religion, gender
CIVIL LIBERTIES - your freedoms - speech, religion, press, petition, trial rights, things like that
Check out http://www.ushistory.org/gov/10.asp and http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-rights-vs-civil-liberties.html for more
THE 14th AMENDMENT - 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. In addition, it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
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JIM CROW AMERICA - Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively in southern and border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s. Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-black laws. It was a way of life. Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens.
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PLESSY v. FERGUSON - Creating the "seperate but equal doctrine," it was a 1892 incident in which African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. Rejecting Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated, the Court ruled that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and 14th Amendments
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BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION - Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, now acknowledged as one of the greatest Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century, unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of theFourteenth Amendment. it put the Constitution on the side of racial equality, and turned the Civil Rights Movement into a full revolution.
CIVIL LIBERTIES - your freedoms - speech, religion, press, petition, trial rights, things like that
Check out http://www.ushistory.org/gov/10.asp and http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-rights-vs-civil-liberties.html for more
THE 14th AMENDMENT - 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. In addition, it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
_______________
JIM CROW AMERICA - Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively in southern and border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s. Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-black laws. It was a way of life. Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens.
_______________
PLESSY v. FERGUSON - Creating the "seperate but equal doctrine," it was a 1892 incident in which African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. Rejecting Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated, the Court ruled that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and 14th Amendments
_______________
BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION - Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, now acknowledged as one of the greatest Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century, unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of theFourteenth Amendment. it put the Constitution on the side of racial equality, and turned the Civil Rights Movement into a full revolution.